Signal Integration from Membranes to the Actin Cytoskeleton
Project Number5R35GM128786-04
Contact PI/Project LeaderCHEN, BAOYU
Awardee OrganizationIOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
Description
Abstract Text
Signaling from membranes to the actin cytoskeleton underpins a myriad of processes, such as cell migration
and vesicle trafficking, and its dysregulation leads to various diseases, including cancer and neurological dis-
orders. The WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC) of ~400 kDa plays a central role in linking membrane signals
to the actin cytoskeleton throughout biology. The WRC alone is autoinhibited, but a large variety of membrane
ligands can activate the complex through direct interactions, which, in turn, stimulates the Arp2/3 complex to
polymerize actin. These ligands include the GTPases Rac1 and Arf1, and over 100 different membrane pro-
teins previously identified by the applicant. Despite this long list of WRC ligands and their broad biological func-
tions, it remains unknown how these membrane molecules, individually or cooperatively, control WRC’s activity
and thereby actin assembly. One major challenge is to biochemically reconstitute the multivalent, weak interac-
tions of the WRC with its ligands, especially with its canonical activators Rac1 and Arf1. Preliminary data
demonstrate that it is now possible to reconstitute stable WRC/ligand complexes by using recombinant materi-
al and by different tethering strategies. The unique access to such material will enable determination of the bi-
ochemical and structural mechanisms mediating WRC activation. Preliminary data suggest that activation of
the WRC requires simultaneous binding of two Rac1 molecules at two distinct sites and that the activation is
enhanced by a third interaction with Arf1. Other membrane ligands may further modulate the activation by in-
teractions at additional, distinct sites. My lab will target three major aspects of WRC activation by biochemical
and structural approaches. Project 1 will determine the structure of the WRC simultaneously bound to two
Rac1 molecules. This will reveal the first activated structure of the WRC and will provide a mechanistic frame-
work for understanding WRC activation. Project 2 will combine biochemical and structural approaches to define
how the WRC is activated by Arf1 and how Arf1 and Rac1 act cooperatively to optimize activation. This will re-
veal new mechanisms of WRC activation and open new avenues for understanding actin regulation in many
processes controlled by the Arf family of GTPases. Project 3 will discover novel interaction mechanisms of the
WRC with three newly identified membrane ligands, including the claudin-like receptor HPO-30, the neuronal
receptor Retrolinkin, and the kainate family of glutamate receptors. This will reveal new modes of actin regula-
tion mediated by membrane receptors and the WRC. Together, by generating previously unattainable material
and by closely integrating quantitative biochemistry and structural approaches, successful completion of this
work will provide a comprehensive, unifying framework for understanding WRC activation, knowledge that will
be broadly applicable to many different cellular systems and biological processes widely regulated by this sig-
naling hub and its many ligands. Our work will also provide new structural targets for therapeutics and will have
a broad impact in areas ranging from cell biology and immunology to neuroscience and developmental biology.
Public Health Relevance Statement
Dynamic rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are essential to the functions of all eukaryotic cells. Defects
in actin regulation are associated with various diseases, ranging from immunodeficiency and neurological dis-
orders to cancer metastasis and pathogen infection. The proposed research will determine the fundamental
mechanisms of a central signaling pathway that links numerous membrane signals to the assembly of actin,
knowledge that will lay the foundation for understanding how this process is dysregulated in disease and can
be treated therapeutically.
No Sub Projects information available for 5R35GM128786-04
Publications
Publications are associated with projects, but cannot be identified with any particular year of the project or fiscal year of funding. This is due to the continuous and cumulative nature of knowledge generation across the life of a project and the sometimes long and variable publishing timeline. Similarly, for multi-component projects, publications are associated with the parent core project and not with individual sub-projects.
No Publications available for 5R35GM128786-04
Patents
No Patents information available for 5R35GM128786-04
Outcomes
The Project Outcomes shown here are displayed verbatim as submitted by the Principal Investigator (PI) for this award. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the PI and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Institutes of Health. NIH has not endorsed the content below.
No Outcomes available for 5R35GM128786-04
Clinical Studies
No Clinical Studies information available for 5R35GM128786-04
News and More
Related News Releases
No news release information available for 5R35GM128786-04
History
No Historical information available for 5R35GM128786-04
Similar Projects
No Similar Projects information available for 5R35GM128786-04