Project Summary/Abstract (30 lines) The proposal is to develop an RNA-based multi-antigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, supporting NIAID’s call to develop a vaccine using emerging antigen design strategies and novel delivery approaches. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is actively threatening public health, world economies, and ways of life. Vaccine candidates are in human trials now, but long-term solutions will require an adaptable vaccine system that can be universalized broadly to all members of the coronavirus family. Tiba’s vaccine will be innovative in two respects: 1) The inclusion of all four structural virion proteins will allow a deeper and potentially broader immune response against coronavirus, as multiple conserved T cell epitopes will be presented by the vaccine. In addition, the incorporation of structural proteins besides the Spike (S) protein will allow the formation of immunogenic VLPs in situ. 2) Conventional lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which are the mainstay of nucleic acid delivery, require a large proportion of “structural” lipid, resulting in a relatively low RNA content. Tiba has developed a modified dendrimer delivery molecule that maximizes RNA mass content, protects RNA from degradation, and enables efficient uptake by cells. This approach will increase immunogenicity and thus effectiveness of the vaccine. The first Phase 1 Aim is to optimize candidate payloads comprising M, N, and E mRNA or saRNA. Conventional mRNAs encoding the M, N, and E proteins will be codon-optimized and lead RNA payloads will then be formulated with Tiba’s modified dendrimer delivery material. With the M, N, and E payloads generated in both saRNA and mRNA formats, effective immunogenic doses for each will be determined by injecting six-week-old BALB/c mice with nanoparticles at different doses. The antigen RNA payloads to proceed for titration into S RNA vaccine candidates will be selected. The minimum effective dose for each M, N, and E mRNA or saRNA will be roughly estimated using a regression model. Aim 2 will test the lead candidate payloads along with S in mice. Combination formulations will be generated wherein different masses of the lead M, N, and E RNAs are titrated into the optimal S mRNA or saRNA formula to identify a formulation mixture that maximizes M, N, and E cellular immune responses while not suppressing the S humoral response. Treatment doses will deliver the same mass of S RNA across all groups, and that optimal mass will be chosen based on the results of dose-finding preliminary studies. Using the results of the study, two mixtures that confer detectable responses against each virion component while not suppressing S antibody and T cell responses will be selected as lead candidates. For Aim 3, the lead candidates will be used in a hamster challenge study. Vaccinations will be performed by i.m. injection in golden Syrian hamsters. Challenges will be performed using the current best practice. The benchmark of success for this study is evidence of immune responses against firstly the S component of the vaccine, and concomitant protection against disease, ideally after a single administration. If successful, further development of lead vaccine candidates and the path to commercialization will be forthcoming in a Phase 2 SBIR Proposal.

Project Narrative Development of an effective vaccine against coronavirus is critical for world economies, devastated by the current pandemic, to begin recovery and to save millions from significant illness or death. We propose to produce a multi-antigen RNA-based prototype vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, utilizing a novel and innovative modified- dendrimer-based nanoparticle delivery technology that will solve the challenges hindering current single-antigen nucleic acid vaccine approaches and potentially lead to more broad protection against coronaviruses. The proposed vaccine product can be easily adapted to include sequences of other coronaviruses with pandemic potential due to its modular nature, making it a potential approach to multivalent or universal coronavirus vaccination.