Veterans living with lower-limb amputation have poor physical health outcomes, multiple chronic comorbidities, high medical service utilization, and high levels of disability. Self-reported disability for people living with lower- limb amputation is greater than 95% of the general population. One way to reduce disability for Veterans with lower-limb amputation is for them to participate in life-long sustained walking exercise. Regular exercise improves functional independence and mental well-being, and reduces adverse effects of common comorbidities associated with lower-limb amputation, such as diabetes and peripheral artery disease. However, most Veterans with lower-limb amputation do not regularly exercise. Only 50% of people with lower- limb amputation achieve levels of walking activity that support participation in their local community, creating a critical need to improve physical exercise participation after lower-limb amputation. Evidence suggests that clinician-supported exercise in a person’s home living environment that includes evidence-based promotion of patient self-management has promise for interrupting the cycle of elevated sedentary behavior and poor health outcomes. Therefore, the primary aim of this randomized controlled superiority trial is to determine if a telerehabilitation walking exercise self-management program produces clinically meaningful walking exercise sustainability compared to attention-control education. This novel, low-cost intervention includes a novel combination of piloted behavior-change methods and clinical resources, including VA multidisciplinary telehealth sessions, individual exercise self-management training, and VA Whole Health peer-group sessions. In addition, the intervention is integrated within an established VA Regional Amputation Center, using established VA clinical telerehabilitation and technology. Exercise and physical activity will be monitored as a continuous daily outcome, with secondary outcomes assessed at a baseline test and then after 6 and 18 months of intervention participation. The primary outcome will be accelerometer-assessed daily walking step count monitored continuously each day across the 18-month study period. Secondary outcomes are designed to assess the potential to assess how to best translate the walking exercise intervention into conventional VA amputation rehabilitation. These secondary outcomes include measures of intervention reach, intervention efficacy, likelihood of clinical adoption, potential for clinical implementation, and ability of participants to maintain long-term exercise behavior. The unique rehabilitation paradigm used in this study addresses the problem of chronic sedentary lifestyles following lower-limb amputation with a home-based exercise model of life-long exercise support from clinicians and peers. The trial results will advance rehabilitation knowledge and provide the necessary evidence for larger clinical translation of self-management intervention to sustain walking exercise for Veterans living with lower-limb amputation.

Despite recent advances in physical rehabilitation, Veterans with lower-limb amputation have poor long-term outcomes, including severely limited functional capacity and high levels of disability. Such poor outcomes are compounded by a lack of exercise participation over time, even with use of lower-limb prostheses. There is a clear need to advance current rehabilitation strategies to better promote sustained exercise following lower- limb amputation. To address this need, our study will determine the efficacy of a walking exercise self- management program to achieve sustained exercise participation. The 18-month intervention is focused on helping Veterans reduce habitual sedentary behavior through a remote exercise behavior-change intervention that includes multiple clinical disciplines, a novel individualized exercise self-management training, and peer support. This innovative approach shifts the conventional rehabilitation paradigm to specifically target life-long exercise sustainability and remove an underlying cause of disability for Veterans with lower-limb amputation.