PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The Mobley laboratory focuses on developing and using computational tools to dramatically accelerate pharma- ceutical drug discovery. We focus on the interface between methods and applications, and invest in assessing and improving computational methods as well as applying methods directly in discovery. We take an open approach (open science, open source software, open data), making our work a community resource, including our FreeSolv database of solvation free energies, the Statistical Assessment of Modeling of Proteins and Ligands (SAMPL) series of blind challenges, our Lead Optimization Mapper (LOMAP) tool for automation of binding calculations, and the Open Force Field and Open Free Energy projects. Tools and methods we have contributed to are now broadly used in drug discovery research, including in pharma. Our overall vision is to make modeling a tool which plays a key role guiding drug discovery research, reducing costs, time and trial and error. In particular, we want researchers – ranging from medicinal chemists to structural biologists as well as experts in computation – to routinely input their latest results and ideas into their computer at the end of the work day, and return to work to find prioritized next steps for their research. For example, in the lead optimization process, one might input the latest assay results as well as ideas for new compounds which could be screened next, and on returning to work in the morning, find ideas ranked by affinity for the target, potential off- target effects and predicted solubility/oral availability. Results might also include additional synthetically accessible compounds not originally considered. If predictions were accurate, this pipeline would dramatically accelerate discovery; thus, we seek to make workflows like this a reality via our science and engineering efforts. In our next five years, we plan to develop an increasingly automated iterative pipeline for iterative library design, compound screening, and optimization. With an experimental partner, we use computation to design promising DNA-encoded compound libraries, computationally analyze screening results, then design models to recommend additional compound rounds for screening and further iterations of the cycle. When combinatorial screening leads to promising enough compounds, we shift to compound optimization, employing active learning in combination with free energy methods and machine learning to prioritize compounds for synthesis and, when possible, for purchase from compound libraries like Enamine, with assay results guiding additional cycles. Results from this work feed back into improving our models and guide early stage drug discovery projects. Our focus involves both pipeline development and actual discovery. While we are developing methods that can be applied to any therapeutic area or target when coupled with experimental work, we will also focus on antibacterial discovery, a particular interest for us and our partners in the Paegel lab. Their novel screening and discovery platform, coupled with our expertise in computational techniques to guide discovery, allow the development of a powerful new platform for pharmaceutical design, our focus for the next few years.

PROJECT NARRATIVE Pharmaceutical drug discovery produces dramatic public health benefits through new and improved treatments for common diseases and disorders, but it is an expensive, time-consuming process involving much trial and error, and failure is common. This work focuses on automated, iterative computational design of new drugs, allowing tight coupling of modeling and experiment to dramatically accelerate the discovery and development process. Improved modeling techniques help guide experimental work, and experimental outputs feed back into rapidly improved designs, with the resulting discovery pipeline providing public health rewards both in terms of new technology and via discovery of new potential antibacterials.