Project Summary Brain Health and Ethnic Disparities in ADRD Risk: The Case of Arab Americans The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) is higher in Black Americans and Hispanics than in non-Hispanic Whites, but data on Arab Americans have been virtually absent from research on brain and cognitive aging. The unique experiences of this understudied group have the potential to clarify knowledge of ADRD disparities related to ethnicity, immigrant and social factors. The proposed project leverages the first prevalence study of ADRD among Arab Americans (AG057510) to examine brain mechanisms underlying links between sociocultural risk/protective factors and ADRD. The purpose of this research is to investigate the links between immigrant/cultural factors, brain health, and clinical outcomes related to ADRD. The following specific aims will be accomplished by obtaining structural MRI and blood-based AD biomarker data in the Detroit-Aging and Memory Project (D-AMP), which obtains high-quality ADRD phenotypes and genetic data on those aged 65+ from a representative sample of 600 Arab Americans, as well as panel participants (N=298) from the Social Relations Study (SRS), to compare to samples of non-Arab Whites in the same geographic area. Our specific aims are: 1) Quantify differences in brain aging among Arab Americans and Whites in metro-Detroit and determine the contribution of brain health to group differences in ADRD; 2) Determine the contribution of immigrant/cultural factors (e.g., national origin, age of migration) to brain aging among Arab Americans; 3) Characterize the influence of social relations on brain and cognitive aging among Arab Americans and Whites. The proposed study benefits from exceptional circumstances, leveraging a uniquely available sample and data, to characterize, for the first time, neuroimaging and blood-based AD biomarkers among older Arab Americans. This knowledge is critical for the development and evaluation of prevention and intervention strategies, as well as the cultural tailoring of such efforts to ensure efficacy in different sociocultural groups in order to eliminate disparities.

Project Narrative The societal burden of ADRD in the U.S. is highest among social groups that have been historically disadvantaged, including non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. However, there are virtually no data on brain and cognitive aging among Arab Americans, who have unique sociocultural and immigrant experiences. It is critical to more fully describe ADRD disparities and identify culturally relevant risk and protective factors in order to reduce ADRD and eliminate ADRD inequalities.