Abstract Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new tracer imaging technology that could soon allow MDs to tell whether a CAR-T cell immunotherapy is actually targeting a tumor— with zero radiation, and in just 3 days. This is much safer and much faster than today’s practice of a followup PET/CT, which is too slow to allow for personalized immunotherapy care. MPI uses no radiation and yet it matches even the sensitivity of advanced nuclear medicine scans. MPI could soon revolutionize the early diagnosis of life-threatening Strokes, Traumatic Brain Injuries, Cardiovascular disease, Pulmonary Embolisms (PE), Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeds and Cancer. In essence, MPI offers the the sensitivity of Nuclear Medicine with the safety of MRI. MPI is quantitative and robust everywhere in the body and it uses no radiation. MPI also is ideal for emergency diagnoses because MPI tracers can be bound to a targeting agent in the factory and then injected directly from the refrigerator. Hence, emergency MPI scans can be done in just 5 minutes with MPI, much faster than the 2 hours typical for nuclear medicine scans. We aim to remove the only technical weakness holding back MPI from clinical adoption, its weak spatial resolution. Our key innovation is to improve the spatial resolution of MPI by 10-fold in each di- mension. Our innovations span hardware, pulse sequences, reconstruction algorithms and the nanoscale physics and chemistry of innovative high-resolution MPI tracers. Our preliminary experiments show 10- fold (routinely) and 30-fold (occasionally) boost in resolution and SNR compared to the MPI standard, VivoTrax. Once our new tracers are made biocompatible they will pave the way for unprecedented 10- cell sensitivity at 2mm resolution in humans with a safe and affordable human MPI scanner, at roughly $100,000 hardware costs—a truly enabling advance. Our Specific Aims are to (1) Develop high-resolution MPI tracers shared between Industry and Academia; (2) Develop Engineering Tools for High Resolution MPI shared between academia and industry; and (3) In vivo scanning to prove the efficacy of high-resolution MPI. This Bioengineering Partnership with Industry is the ideal mechanism to foster this breakthrough in MPI resolution by a collaboration between three labs at UC Berkeley and a startup out of the PI’s lab (Magnetic Insight).

Project Narrative We aim to dramatically improve the spatial resolution of an innovative medical imaging technique called Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), which has already shown extraordinary promise for noninvasive, rapid, and zero-radiation scans of targeted tracers with ideal contrast and SNR. The PI’s lab at UC Berkeley has pioneered MPI scanner design, MPI fast image reconstruction algorithms, and biomedical appli- cations like tracking CAR-T therapies, early detection of GI bleeds, cancers, strokes and pulmonary embolisms. In a Bioengineering Partnership with the MPI Industry leader, Magnetic Insight, three re- search groups at UC Berkeley plan to improve MPI’s spatial resolution 10-fold in each dimension, which will finally enable the first human clinical MPI scanners.