Structural Dynamics and Regulatory Mechanisms of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor
Project Number1R01HL177433-01
Contact PI/Project LeaderHUANG, XIN-YUN
Awardee OrganizationWEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
Description
Abstract Text
Project Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular homeostasis, produced by cardiomyocytes
as a response to conditions like hypervolemia and hypertension. Its wide array of beneficial effects, including
vasodilation, increased natriuresis, diuresis, and its anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic actions within the heart,
underscore its physiological importance. These effects are mediated through the atrial natriuretic peptide
receptor (ANPR), also known as GC-A. This receptor uniquely integrates the recognition of peptide hormones
and the generation of the second messenger cGMP within a single polypeptide chain. The deletion of either
ANP or GC-A genes in mice results in elevated blood pressure and a cascade of renal, vascular, and cardiac
dysfunctions, culminating in hypertensive heart disease. These findings, corroborated by both mouse genetic
studies and the clinical utility of natriuretic peptides, highlight the critical regulatory role of ANP in maintaining
cardiovascular equilibrium. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of the structural mechanisms
governing GC-A regulation remains elusive. This proposal is structured around three primary objectives, each
aimed at unraveling different aspects of GC-A's structural and functional regulation. Aim 1: Structural basis of
GC-A activation by ANP. We intend to delineate the structural changes occurring within GC-A upon ANP
binding. This involves elucidating how ANP interaction with the extracellular domain triggers conformational
adjustments leading to cGMP production. Aim 2: Regulation by the kinase-homology domain (KHD). The KHD
of GC-A is implicated in receptor activity regulation, yet its precise functional role remains to be defined. This
aim focuses on understanding how ATP binding to the KHD influences GC-A's activation by ANP. Through
structural, biochemical, and functional studies, we will explore the KHD's contribution to receptor regulation
and its impact on the receptor's overall activity. Aim 3: Mechanism of cyclase catalytic activity regulation.
Despite GC-A's homodimeric structure, suggesting the presence of two catalytic sites, there is ongoing debate
about their functional status during receptor activation. This aim seeks to clarify whether one or both catalytic
sites are operational and to understand the conformational dynamics that enable GTP conversion to cGMP.
Our proposed research is poised to significantly advance our understanding of GC-A's structure-function
relationship and its regulatory mechanisms. The implications of this work extend beyond basic science, offering
potential strategies for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions to modulate GC-A activity in
cardiovascular diseases.
Public Health Relevance Statement
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a critical peptide hormone produced by the heart in response to
cardiovascular stress, acting to lower blood pressure and maintain vascular homeostasis. Its effects are
mediated through a specific receptor, ANP receptor (GC-A), which triggers a cascade leading to vasodilation
and reduced blood volume. Investigating the structural mechanisms and regulatory pathways of the ANP
receptor not only enhances our scientific understanding but also holds significant implications for developing
targeted therapies for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, directly impacting public health.
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