PROJECT SUMMARY This K23 application proposes novel research in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in a correctional healthcare setting and a robust training plan to support the successful transition of the Dr. Justin Berk, MD MPH MBA (PI) to independent clinician-scientist. His background in public health, health management, and clinical medicine creates a strong foundation for further development as an expert scientist. He has assembled a highly accomplished and diverse team of nationally recognized mentors and advisors with complementary expertise in clinical trials and other research among vulnerable populations including qualitative methodologies and implementation science. The proposed research work will provide hands-on experience instrumental to Dr. Berk’s career progression as a clinical trialist preliminary data for a future multi-site R01 application. The Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) is an ideal setting for this type of pilot study. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are an effective treatment in the community and among incarcerated individuals. Given the high prevalence OUD in jails and prisons and the high risk of opioid overdose upon release, the criminal justice (CJ) system offers a targeted opportunity to engage individuals in treatment initiation. Despite the strong evidence-base for MOUD, few correctional facilities offer these life- saving medications. A shifting policy landscape in legislation and court rulings will lead to more facilities offering MOUD treatment. Delivery barriers, however, still exist. A new injectable extended-release form of buprenorphine (XR-B) can help overcome these barriers, though there is no published literature on its effectiveness or implementation in a CJ setting. This K23 proposes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to demonstrate preliminary effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of XR-B and uses a concomitant process evaluation, with frameworks frequently used in implementation science, to investigate how this novel treatment modality may be used in a CJ setting to prevent opioid overdose in the high-risk time of re-entry to the community. The specific aims of this K23 proposal include: (Aim 1) Compare XR-B initiation to treatment-as-usual sublingual buprenorphine among incarcerated individuals on treatment engagement, re-incarceration, overdose, buprenorphine adherence, and illicit opioid use. (Aim 2) Conduct a process evaluation using the RE- AIM evaluative framework and iPARIHS implementation science framework to assess the implementation of XR-B initiation and identify facilitators to and barriers of MOUD treatment in a CJ setting. In order to achieve these aims and move towards research independence, Dr. Berk will receive training and experience in clinical trial research, including supporting qualitative methodologies and implementation science, and build a career to conduct high-impact and ethical research in a marginalized population.

PROJECT NARRATIVE Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are an effective treatment in the community and among incarcerated individuals, yet they are offered in very few correctional settings nationwide. The criminal justice (CJ) system offers a unique opportunity to engage individuals in treatment initiation, given the high prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in jails and prisons and the high risk of opioid overdose upon release. The study will compare treatment outcomes between extended-release buprenorphine (XR-B) to treatment-as-usual sublingual buprenorphine (SL-B) in a CJ setting and conduct a mixed-methods process evaluation which will characterize the facilitators of and barriers to the implementation of this novel treatment modality.