SIMULATION OF PROTON AND HYDRIDE TRANSFER IN ENZYMES
Project Number7R01GM056207-04
Former Number1R29GM056207-01A1
Contact PI/Project LeaderHAMMES-SCHIFFER, SHARON
Awardee OrganizationPENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
Description
Abstract Text
Novel computer simulation methods will be used to investigate proton and
hydride transfer reactions in enzymes. The first application will be
liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH), which catalyzes the reversible
oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones by the
cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). These redox
reactions are key steps in metabolism, and the NADH generated from them
plays in important role in oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, the
medical complications associated with alcoholism (e.g. ketoacidosis and
hypoglycemia) are caused in part by the elevation of the NADH/NAD+ level
resulting from the metabolism of excess ethanol by alcohol
dehydrogenases. The second application will be glucose oxidase (GO),
which catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone by flavin
adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the subsequent reduction of oxgen to
hydrogen peroxide. GO is a vital biosensor in diagnostic kits for the
self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics. It also exhibits
antitumor activity and is being tested as a treatment for some types of
cancer.
Kinetic isotope effect experiments indicate that hydrogen tunneling
plays an important role in many proton and hydride transfer reactions,
including those catalyzed by LADH and GO. The quantum dynamical behavior
such as hydrogen tunneling will be incorporated into the simulations
using a recently developed mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics
method, in which the transferring hydrogen atom(s) are treated quantum
mechanically while the remaining nuclei are treated classically. The
specific method that will be implemented is the molecular dynamics with
quantum transitions method, which incorporates transitions among the
adiabatic proton quantum states. The rates and kinetic isotope effects
will be calculated for comparison to the available experimental data.
These simulations will elucidate the fundamental general principles of
proton and hydride transfer in enzymes, such as the significance of
hydrogen tunneling and the role of the structure and dynamics of the
enzyme. In terms of LADH, the significance of hydrogen tunneling, the
detailed mechanism of the hydride transfer reaction (i.e. direct H- or
sequential 1e-, H+, 1e-transfer), and the mechanism of the postulated
proton relay system will be investigated. In terms of GO, the detailed
mechanism (i.e. hydride transfer from glucose to FAD or proton
abstraction from a glucosidic intermediate), the role of hydrogen
tunneling, and the relation between protein dynamics and hydrogen
tunneling will be investigated. The elucidation of the detailed
mechanisms of LADH and GO will enhance the understanding of and guide
the optimization of their biochemical and biomedical properties.
No Sub Projects information available for 7R01GM056207-04
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