The “Neuromod Prize” (“the Competition”) is a prize competition of the SPARC (Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions) initiative of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that seeks to reward and spur the development of solutions for targeted neuromodulation therapies. This is a multi-phased federal challenge and is being conducted under the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science (COMPETES) Reauthorization Act of 2010, as amended [15 U.S.C. § 3719] . Previously, NIH conducted the first and second phases of the Competition. The first phase of the Competition called on scientists, engineers, and clinicians to submit novel concepts and proposals. The second phase of the Competition invited eight quarterfinalist winners from Phase 1 to demonstrate modulation of multiple autonomic functions with simultaneous characterization of off-target effects using their proposed neuromodulation therapies. NIH is now conducting the third phase of the Competition. Phase 3 is restricted to semifinalist winners from Phase 2. Phase 3 calls on semifinalists to submit data and results from large animal and/or human experiments supported by their Phase 2 proof-of-concept studies to enable future clinical translation of their neuromodulation therapy.